{"title":"Niacinamide Skincare — Vitamin B3 Serums and Formulas for Sensitive, Oily, and Acne-Prone Skin","description":"\u003ch2\u003eWhat Niacinamide Does — and Why Concentration Matters\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiacinamide is the amide form of vitamin B3 and a precursor of NAD⁺ — nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — an essential coenzyme involved in cellular energy production and DNA repair. In skin, NAD⁺ levels decline with age, which contributes to slower cell repair, weakened barrier function, and increased visible aging. Topical niacinamide helps replenish this pathway.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the skin surface, niacinamide works through multiple simultaneous mechanisms. It stimulates ceramide synthesis, which directly strengthens the lipid barrier and reduces transepidermal water loss. It inhibits the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, which is the mechanism responsible for its visible brightening and hyperpigmentation-reducing effect. It regulates sebaceous gland activity, reducing excess sebum without stripping. And it exerts measurable anti-inflammatory activity, making it particularly effective for acne-prone, rosacea-adjacent, and reactive skin that does not tolerate more aggressive actives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e5% vs 10% — which concentration is right\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5% niacinamide\u003c\/strong\u003e is the concentration at which brightening, barrier support, and redness reduction are clinically documented. It is appropriate for daily use across all skin types, including the most sensitive, and is the concentration used in several By Valenti formulas paired with complementary actives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10% niacinamide\u003c\/strong\u003e delivers stronger sebum regulation, more visible pore refinement, and faster results on uneven tone and post-acne marks. The Aqua b3 serum is formulated at 10% in a minimalist base — no zinc, no alcohol, no fillers — making it one of the few 10% niacinamide formulas suitable for sensitive skin without the irritation risk associated with high-concentration zinc combinations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBy Valenti Niacinamide Formulas\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAqua b3 — 10% Niacinamide Serum\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA lightweight, crystal-clear water-based serum delivering 10% niacinamide alongside sea kelp bioferment and humectants. Formulated without zinc, fragrance, alcohol, or essential oils. Suitable for all skin types including sensitive, teenage, and acne-prone skin. Targets enlarged pores, redness, uneven texture, and excess sebum. Fast-absorbing. Daily AM and PM use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBarcola Azzurro Mare Replenishing Elixir — 5% Niacinamide + Hyaluronic Acid Serum\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn award-winning oil-free serum combining 5% niacinamide with low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and sea kelp bioferment. Targets barrier repair, multi-depth hydration, and skin texture simultaneously. Designed for sensitive skin. Fragrance-free. Contains no essential oils — suitable for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAzzurrino Bi-Phase Brightening Serum — Niacinamide + Vitamin C\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA bi-phase serum combining niacinamide and vitamin C to target uneven skin tone, post-acne marks, and dullness alongside hyaluronic acid and olive squalane for hydration and barrier support. Results visible in 1–3 weeks with twice-daily use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRoses \u0026amp; Hibiscus Toner — 5% Niacinamide\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA lightweight toner-serum hybrid with in-house formulated hibiscus and rose extracts, 5% niacinamide, and provitamin B5. Refreshes, hydrates, and prepares skin for active absorption. Suitable for all skin types. Can be used as a toner or throughout the day as a facial mist.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRoses \u0026amp; Hibiscus Serum — 5% Niacinamide + Hyaluronic Acid\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA hydrating toner-serum hybrid combining niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, and botanical extracts to address redness, dehydration, and uneven tone in a single application. Lightweight formula suitable for sensitive and dry skin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWho Niacinamide Skincare Is For\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiacinamide is one of the few high-performance actives with no meaningful exclusion criteria by skin type. It is documented to benefit:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOily and combination skin\u003c\/strong\u003e — regulates sebum, reduces shine, minimizes pore appearance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcne-prone skin\u003c\/strong\u003e — anti-inflammatory, reduces post-acne marks, does not promote purging\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSensitive and reactive skin\u003c\/strong\u003e — strengthens barrier, reduces redness, well-tolerated at both 5% and 10%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDry and dehydrated skin\u003c\/strong\u003e — stimulates ceramide production, supports moisture retention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAging and mature skin\u003c\/strong\u003e — reduces fine lines, improves elasticity, addresses hyperpigmentation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHyperpigmented skin\u003c\/strong\u003e — inhibits melanin transfer, visibly brightens uneven tone over consistent use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to Use Niacinamide in Your Routine\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiacinamide is compatible with most other active ingredients including hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, bakuchiol, AHAs, BHAs, and peptides. It does not require isolation from other actives and can be used morning and evening.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLayering order\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApply niacinamide after cleansing and toning, before heavier serums, oils, or moisturizers. In a multi-serum routine, apply water-based formulas before oil-based ones.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWith vitamin C\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiacinamide and vitamin C are compatible when used in stable, well-formulated products. The concern about niacin flush from combining them is based on outdated research involving unstable forms of vitamin C and niacin rather than niacinamide. Modern stable vitamin C formulations do not produce this reaction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan niacinamide be used every day?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. Niacinamide does not cause photosensitivity, purging, or an adjustment period. It is one of the safest daily-use actives at both 5% and 10% concentrations.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"roses-facial-toner","title":"Rosen \u0026 Hibiskus Gesichts-Toner mit Niacinamid für trockene Haut","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"524\"\u003eMultifunktionaler Gesichtstoner, formuliert zur Hydratation, zum Rebalancieren und zum Erfrischen der Haut.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"526\" data-end=\"808\"\u003eRosen- und Hibiskusextrakte helfen, die Haut zu tonisieren und zu beruhigen, während Niacinamid eine verbesserte Hautstruktur und sichtbare Klarheit unterstützt. Die leichte Formulierung kann als Toner oder Gesichtsspray verwendet werden, um den Teint im Laufe des Tages zu beleben.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"838\"\u003eGeeignet für alle Hauttypen.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"100 ml","offer_id":47585961115898,"sku":"FT0004","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ml nachfüllung","offer_id":47585961148666,"sku":"FT0004-r","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/byvalenti-roses-and-hibiscus-toner.webp?v=1767070577"},{"product_id":"roses-hibiscus-serum","title":"Rosen \u0026 Hibiskus Super-Hydratisierendes Leichtes Serum","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"514\"\u003eMultifunktionale Gesichtspflege, formuliert zur Hydratation, zum Rebalancieren und zum Erfrischen der Haut.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"840\"\u003eRosenhydrolat und Hibiskus wirken beruhigend und tonisierend. Hyaluronsäure unterstützt eine langanhaltende Feuchtigkeitsversorgung. Niacinamid hilft, die Hautstruktur zu verfeinern und sichtbare Rötungen zu reduzieren, während Vitamin B5 und Salicylsäure die Hautklarheit und die Erneuerung der Hautoberfläche unterstützen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"892\"\u003eLeichte Formulierung. Geeignet für alle Hauttypen.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"100 ml","offer_id":47585957970170,"sku":"SERUM0001","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ml nachfüllung","offer_id":47585958002938,"sku":"SERUM0001-r","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/byvalenti-roses-and-hibiscus-niacinamide-toner.webp?v=1767070333"},{"product_id":"barcola-replenishing-elixir","title":"Barcola Azzurro Mare Feuchtigkeitsspendendes Elixier","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"278\" data-end=\"481\"\u003eÖlfreies Gesichtsserum mit Hyaluronsäure und Niacinamid zur Verbesserung der Hautstruktur, zur Unterstützung der Hautbarriere und zur Wiederherstellung der Feuchtigkeit. Formuliert für empfindliche Haut.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"844\"\u003eHyaluronsäure (niedriges \u0026amp; hohes Molekulargewicht) – Mehrschichtige Hydratation, aufpolsternder Effekt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"844\"\u003eNiacinamid (5 %) – Reguliert die Talgproduktion, unterstützt die Hautbarriere, hilft Poren zu verfeinern\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"844\"\u003eSeealgen-Bioferment – Reich an Nährstoffen, hilft die Haut zu beruhigen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"844\"\u003eRosen- \u0026amp; Gurkenhydrolate – Erfrischen sanft ohne sensibilisierende Stoffe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"30 ml","offer_id":44667179761914,"sku":"TRST0002","price":140.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15 ml","offer_id":44836285612282,"sku":"TRST0002-t","price":70.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"30 ml Nachfüllen","offer_id":45770027106554,"sku":"TRST0002-rl","price":140.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15 ml Nachfüllen","offer_id":45770027139322,"sku":"TRST0002-rs","price":70.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/byvalenti-barcola-azzurro-mare.webp?v=1772247136"},{"product_id":"aqua-b3-niacinamide-serum","title":"Aqua B3 Wässriges Gesichtsserum","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"419\"\u003eEntwickelt zur Verfeinerung der Hautstruktur, zum Ausgleich der Talgproduktion, zur Beruhigung von Rötungen und zur Unterstützung der Hautbarriere – mit einer minimalistischen, wasserbasierten Formel mit 10 % Niacinamid. Zieht schnell ein und ist für alle Hauttypen geeignet, einschließlich empfindlicher und zu Akne neigender Haut.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"868\"\u003eNiacinamid-Serum mit 8 Inhaltsstoffen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"868\"\u003e10 % Niacinamid + Seealgen-Bioferment — reich an Mineralien und Polysacchariden\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"868\"\u003eReduziert sichtbar Rötungen. Verfeinert Poren. Reguliert Talg. Spendet Feuchtigkeit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"868\"\u003eFür alle Hauttypen — einschließlich jugendlicher Haut\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"868\"\u003eOhne Duftstoffe. Ohne Alkohol. Leicht und schnell einziehend\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"868\"\u003eDermatologisch konzipiert für Jugendliche und Erwachsene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"868\"\u003e86 % der Inhaltsstoffe natürlichen Ursprungs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"30 ml","offer_id":44754254463226,"sku":"TRST0004","price":76.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15 ml","offer_id":45769991553274,"sku":"TRST0004-rl","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"30 ml refill","offer_id":47209900114170,"sku":null,"price":76.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15 ml refill","offer_id":47209900146938,"sku":null,"price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/aquab3niacinamideserum-1.webp?v=1769875733"},{"product_id":"l-essenza-triestina-repair-bundle","title":"L’Essenza Triestina Repair Bundle","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"509\"\u003eEin Zwei-Schritte-System, formuliert zur Verbesserung der Hautglätte, Elastizität und des allgemeinen Hautgleichgewichts. Geeignet für Haut, die Anzeichen von Empfindlichkeit, Dysbalance oder vorzeitiger Hautalterung zeigt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"721\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"540\"\u003eBakuchiol Smoothing Serum\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"543\"\u003e1 % Bakuchiol hilft, die Hautstruktur zu verfeinern und das Erscheinungsbild erster Linien zu reduzieren, während es die Hautberuhigung und den Feuchtigkeitshaushalt unterstützt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"723\" data-end=\"959\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"723\" data-end=\"755\"\u003eBakuchiol Night Repair Cream\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"758\"\u003e1 % Bakuchiol und 0,3 % Retinylpalmitat unterstützen die nächtliche Hauterneuerung. Ceramide, Hyaluronsäure und Olivensqualan helfen, die Barriereintegrität und die Feuchtigkeitsversorgung zu erhalten.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"961\" data-end=\"1100\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"961\" data-end=\"971\"\u003eBonus:\u003c\/strong\u003e Aqua B3 Serum mit 10 % Niacinamid und Seetang-Bioferment zur Verfeinerung der Hautstruktur und zum Ausgleich der Talgproduktion.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47698006114554,"sku":null,"price":260.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/byvalenti-lessenza-triestina-1.webp?v=1763215874"},{"product_id":"aqua-b3-10-niacinamide-aqueous-serum-olio-di-c-10-vitamin-c-lipid-serum-bundle","title":"Duo Aqua B3 + Olio di C","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"396\" data-start=\"293\"\u003eEin Serum-Duo auf Wasser- und Lipidbasis zur Unterstützung des Hautgleichgewichts und der Ausstrahlung.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"409\" data-start=\"398\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"409\" data-start=\"398\"\u003eAqua B3\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"728\" data-start=\"411\"\u003eNiacinamid (10 %): Hilft, die Talgproduktion zu regulieren, die Hautstruktur zu verfeinern und die Hautbarriere zu unterstützen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"728\" data-start=\"411\"\u003eSeealgen-Bioferment: Trägt zur Hydratation bei und unterstützt das Hautgleichgewicht\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"728\" data-start=\"411\"\u003eSorbitol + Propandiol 1,3: Feuchthaltemittel zur Erhaltung der Hydratation und Hautgeschmeidigkeit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"743\" data-start=\"730\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"743\" data-start=\"730\"\u003eOlio di C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1040\" data-start=\"745\"\u003eVitamin C (10 % Tetrahexyldecylascorbat): Öllösliches Antioxidans zur Unterstützung der Hautleuchtkraft und eines ebenmäßigen Hauttons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1040\" data-start=\"745\"\u003eOliven-Squalan: Stärkt die Lipidbarriere und reduziert den Feuchtigkeitsverlust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1040\" data-start=\"745\"\u003eBlauer Rainfarn: Wirkt beruhigend und hilft, sichtbare Rötungen zu mindern\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47725401112826,"sku":null,"price":167.4,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/byvalenti-oliodic-aquab3-bundle-2.webp?v=1766284563"},{"product_id":"azzurrino-bi-phase-superb-brightening-serum","title":"Azzurrino Zwei-Phasen-Serum mit intensiv aufhellender Wirkung","description":"\u003cp\u003eEin leichtes Zwei-Phasen-Serum, das schnell einzieht und keine Rückstände hinterlässt. Inspiriert vom Adriatischen Meer, formuliert zur Hydratation, sichtbaren Aufhellung und zur Unterstützung eines ausgeglichenen Sebumhaushalts für ein klareres, ebenmäßigeres Hautbild.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNiacinamid \u0026amp; Vitamin C wirken gezielt gegen ungleichmäßigen Hautton.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNiacinamid wirkt gezielt auf Post-Akne-Male für sichtbar klarere Haut.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHyaluronsäure und Meeresalgen-Bioferment spenden Feuchtigkeit und polstern die Haut auf.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOlivensqualan unterstützt die natürliche Hautbarriere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFür alle Hauttypen. Ergebnisse in 1–3 Wochen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e92,8 % der Inhaltsstoffe sind natürlichen Ursprungs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47928164581626,"sku":"SERUM0003","price":80.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/byvalenti-azzurrino-bi-phase-superb-brightening-serum.webp?v=1768774966"},{"product_id":"trieste-smoothing-eye-renewal-mask","title":"Triest Glättende Augen-Erneuerungsmaske","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"389\" data-end=\"766\"\u003eSpirulinaextrakt, Meeresalgen-Bioferment, Hyaluronsäure und 5 % Niacinamid spenden leichte Feuchtigkeit und unterstützen ein ebenmäßigeres, ausgeglicheneres Erscheinungsbild der Augenpartie. Der Balsam mit Coenzym Q10, Retinol und Vitamin C schließt die Feuchtigkeit ein und hilft, das Erscheinungsbild feiner Linien und weiterer sichtbarer Zeichen der Hautalterung zu mildern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"768\" data-end=\"861\"\u003eBei regelmäßiger Anwendung wirkt die Haut um die Augen glatter, hydratisierter und erfrischt.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48083872448762,"sku":null,"price":157.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/by-valenti-eye-gift-set_page1.webp?v=1766276869"},{"product_id":"the-building-blocks-brightening-set","title":"The Building Blocks Brightening Set","description":"\u003cp\u003eA three-step routine designed to improve the appearance of uneven skin tone, dullness, and visible discoloration. This set supports brighter-looking skin while maintaining barrier function without irritation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUneven skin tone is often misinterpreted as excess pigmentation. In many cases, the issue lies in irregular melanin distribution, barrier disruption, and oxidative stress rather than overproduction alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuitable for all skin types including reactive skins it contains: a foaming cleanser, a barrier support serum with 10% niacinamide and brightening serum. with 10% vitamin C tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (THDA). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin C THDA inhibits the enzyme (tyrosinase) responsible for producing melanin, while niacinamide inhibits the transfer of pigment to skin cells. The result is reduction of dark and brown spots without irritation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"by valenti","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48521968058618,"sku":null,"price":206.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/files\/byvalenti-building-blocks-brightening-set-2.webp?v=1774359524"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0655\/2227\/0458\/collections\/newsletter-byvalenti-aquab3niacinamideserum-2.webp?v=1779399569","url":"https:\/\/de.byvalenti.com\/collections\/niacinamide-serum.oembed","provider":"By Valenti","version":"1.0","type":"link"}